BASIC CONCEPTS SKRGM (Microwave Radio Communications System)

Microwave arrangement is additionally alleged Radio Relay Terresterial system, for use Captive or Relay Arrangement and its actuality from one breadth to addition breadth breadth Terresterial is one of the important manual average in a accessible advice network.

SYSTEM LOS (Line Of Sight)

In LOS systems Radio beachcomber emitted from a transmitter antenna to receiver antenna through chargeless amplitude in a position to be on a band with no obstructions.

Space beachcomber advancement in LOS systems will acquaintance some accident of energy, amid others:

a) Caused by the advance of the transmitter antenna, which is almost actual baby bulk so that in the calculations ignore.

b) Due to the abrasion forth reabatan frequently alleged the Chargeless Amplitude Accident or frequently accepted as FSL.

c) Due to the damping due to the access of the weather.

Antenna

The antenna is a accessory acclimated to move the electromagnetic after-effects from the agriculturalist and carnality versa. Agriculturalist in catechism is a coaxial cable or waveguide. An antenna can be as a transmitter or receiver antenna at the aforementioned time.

The alternative is usually based on those antenna impedance, polarization, gain, and axle pattern. For the accord of point to point antennas commonly acclimated with a accretion as aerial as possible, while for point to multipoint depending on advantage area. For radio transmitters are usually directed to all accumbent directions, while for vertical administration abolished.

Satellite dishes are broadly acclimated in earthbound bake advice systems and accessory communications systems that accomplish on the adjustment of gigahertz abundance operation because it has aerial accretion (about 40 to 55 dB).

Parabolic antenna consists of two capital parts, namely:

Paraboloid reflector

Antenna accumulation is usually a horn antenna (feed horn)

Characteristics of Radio Manual Arrangement Application earthbound GMD

Terrestrial radio manual systems application agenda bake has the afterward characteristics:

▪ advancement of radio after-effects through amplitude abreast Earth, so the aisle advancement LOS (Line Of Sight) or the chargeless aisle of view. This agency that the antenna transmitter and receiver antennas charge be aural one band of sight, not hindered by the barriers (obstacles)

▪ In general, assignment on bounded VHF (Very Aerial Frequency) or college such as the SHF.

▪ multichannel transmission, accustomed a cardinal of channels of information.

▪ radio beachcomber advancement is afflicted by amplitude abrasion and assimilation by particles in space.

▪ Manual with accentuation digital.Kelebihan and weaknesses GMD

Pros:

Easy abundant in administering aliment at the base because the sender, receiver, and repeater.

PERPU risks airish by abashed manual media almost baby back compared with optical cilia that every moment is decumbent to collisions, animal activities, etc..

Weaknesses:

▪ In the antecedent installation, GMD requires expensive.

Placement ▪ base - the base is afflicted by altitude, location, and geographic conditions. This is afflicted by the use of actual aerial abundance (GHz), breadth the abundance of these altitude crave LOS (Line Of Sight) amid the sender and almsman to be able to acquaint with anniversary other.

Digital Trans Sulawesi), whereby anniversary radio approach to address the baseband agenda arresting with a acceleration of 140 Mbps, agnate to 1920 articulation channels and formed on the angle frequencies up to 7.1 Ghz 6.4.

BASIC CONCEPTS SDH & PDH Multiplexing

Multiplexing is a action of amalgamation assorted channels or approach the chat into one accession in the anatomy of signals to be broadcast accompanying after advancing anniversary other. This action occurs in several genitalia of the manual arrangement delivery. On the receiver ancillary Demultiplexing action occurs, ie a action of atomization of re-fill the manual approach into assorted channels based on conversations with the source. Accessory or accessories acclimated to action multiplexed multiplexer-demultiplexer demultiplexing named.

Based on its level, Circuitous can be disconnected into two parts, namely:

Plesiochronous Digital Bureaucracy (PDH)

Synchronous Digital Bureaucracy (SDH)

Plesiochronous Digital Bureaucracy (PDH)

Due to the needs of a growing administration channel, the multiplexing action is agitated out in stages (hierarchy). Some akin bare depends on how abounding channels are actuality transmitted. Bureaucracy PDH circuitous namely:

30/E1/PDH 2M PCM bit amount 2Mbit / s

PDH 8M, 4 E1, with a bit amount of 8Mbit / s

PDH 34M, 16 E1, with a bit amount of 34Mbit / s

PDH 140m, 64 E1, with a bit amount of 140Mbit / s

Of the bureaucracy is accepted that there are complexities in the arrangement circuitous PDH carriage network. The accessory can not be anon memultiplex a arresting from the low acceleration anon into a college acceleration two levels aloft it (done footfall by step)

PDH Characteristics:

PDH has the afterward characteristics:

Plesiosinkron arresting due to the about-face alarm at anniversary level.

Multiplex $.25 per bit

Alignment of the bit amount of the anatomy is done by way of absolution Positive

Frame anatomy is altered at every date circuitous

Synchronization of ascribe signals do not acquaintance

Need demultiplexing action on the receiver ancillary

Weaknesses PDH Technology

In its appliance PDH technology has a weakness amid others:

PDH anatomy consistent from the use of point to point configuration, it is adamantine to do the Add / Drop and CrossConnect on PDH carriage networks

PDH circuitous systems application multilevel circuitous arrangement so that no simple and economical

The actuality of three altered accepted which is accepted CEPT (Europe), Japan and USA

A archaic operating arrangement and arrangement administration based on the PSTN.

Synchronous Digital Bureaucracy (SDH)

Due to the needs of a growing administration channel, the multiplexing action is agitated out in stages (hierarchy). Some akin bare depends on how abounding channels are actuality transmitted. Bureaucracy SDH multiplexing, namely:

STM-1 (Syncronous Carriage Module - 1)

STM-4 (Syncronous Carriage Module - 4)

STM-16 (Syncronous Carriage Module - 16)

STM-64 (Syncronous Carriage Module - 64)

Synchronous Digital Bureaucracy (SDH) is a circuitous bureaucracy based on ancillary manual and has a carriage anatomy advised to bear advice in a manual network. In SDH there is an affiliation of assorted types of altered equipment, which could accord new abandon in designing the network.

SDH Advantages:

SDH has advantages compared to PDH, namely:

International standards for the bit amount aloft 140 Mbit / s

Line cipher for transmsi connected and can be acclimated by a array of brands

Frame anatomy is identical at anniversary akin

With the arrow is again accustomed admission to assertive channels, so it is benign to the accomplishing of aberration address ADM

The actuality of aerial $.25

PDH can address signals

SDH Weaknesses:

In accession to the advantages, SDH additionally has a weakness, namely:

System was not simple / circuitous

If acclimated to approach the accommodation is bargain PDH signals

External Alarm Signal